Structured physical activity may help reduce certain diabetes-related eye complications, but current evidence remains inconsistent, according to a scoping review of randomized controlled trials involving people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Researchers reviewed 3,634 records from multiple databases and clinical trial registries and identified 8 randomized controlled trials that met inclusion criteria.
Among the 8 trials, 4 reported positive visual outcomes associated with physical activity, including reductions in central macular thickness, lower risk of retinal microaneurysm formation, and decreased incidence or progression of diabetic retinopathy. Three studies found no significant effect, and 1 reported a higher incidence of retinopathy among participants in the intervention groups.
The review also identified several limitations in the existing evidence, including a lack of standardized visual outcome measures, limited assessment of visual functions such as contrast sensitivity, color vision, and visual fields, and insufficient long-term follow-up. Researchers noted that adherence to exercise programs may be influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, cultural considerations, and access to healthcare.
Reference
Hormenu T, Antiri EO, Ocansey S, et al. Impact of physical activity on visual outcomes among persons with type 2 diabetes: A scoping review of randomized controlled trials. Dialogues Health. 2026;8:100314. doi: 10.1016/j.dialog.2026.100314. PMID: 42238251; PMCID: PMC13226885.
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