Managing Chronic Dry Eye Disease: 5 Insights for Patients and Clinicians

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is characterized by symptoms such as ocular discomfort, redness, itching, and visual disturbances. In recent years, the management of DED has expanded to include various pharmacotherapeutic options. A comprehensive review of prescription drugs approved for the treatment of chronic DED highlights the importance of patient education and the role of pharmacists in providing care.

1. Patient education and lifestyle modifications are key: Patient education plays a crucial role in managing chronic dry eye disease (DED). Educating patients about lifestyle modifications, such as improving the daily environment for eye health and eliminating causative factors, can significantly help in managing DED.
2. Ocular lubricants are a mainstay of treatment: Ocular lubricants, particularly preservative-free formulations, are recommended for chronic or repeated daily use in DED management. They provide relief from symptoms but do not cure the condition. Proper and consistent use of ocular lubricants is essential for managing DED.
3. FDA-approved prescription medications for DED: The FDA has approved three prescription medications for chronic use in the treatment of DED. These include cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion and solution, lifitegrast ophthalmic solution, and varenicline nasal spray. These medications have shown efficacy in improving signs and symptoms of DED.
4. Side effects associated with DED medications: The ophthalmic products used for DED treatment, such as cyclosporine and lifitegrast, may cause ocular discomfort upon instillation. However, varenicline nasal spray, while not causing ocular discomfort, can lead to sneezing, coughing, and throat and nose irritation in some patients.
5. The role of pharmacists in DED management: Pharmacists have an important role to play in DED management. They can provide patient education on lifestyle modifications, counseling on available products, and guidance on proper administration techniques for ocular lubricants. Pharmacists can empower patients to take an active role in managing their DED and stay informed about emerging therapies that may offer advancements in treatment.